《國(guó)際濕地公約》（拉姆薩爾公約） （The Ramsar Convention）全文

國(guó)際濕地公約（拉姆薩爾公約） （The Ramsar Convention）

國(guó)際濕地公約《拉姆薩爾公約》全文如下：

1971年2月2日訂于拉姆薩，經(jīng)1982年3月 12日議定書修正)各締約國(guó)，承認(rèn)人類同其環(huán)境的相互依存關(guān)系；考慮到濕地的調(diào)節(jié)水份循環(huán)和維持濕地特有的動(dòng)植物特別是水禽棲息地的基本生態(tài)功能。

相信濕地為具有巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、科學(xué)及娛樂價(jià)值的資源，其損失將不可彌補(bǔ)；

期望現(xiàn)在及將來(lái)阻止?jié)竦氐谋恢鸩角治g及喪失；

承認(rèn)季節(jié)性遷徒中的水禽可能超越國(guó)界，因此應(yīng)被視為國(guó)際性資源；

確信遠(yuǎn)見卓識(shí)的國(guó)內(nèi)政策與協(xié)調(diào)一致的國(guó)際行動(dòng)相結(jié)合能夠確保對(duì)濕地及其動(dòng)植物的保護(hù)；

茲協(xié)議如下：

第一條

1．為本公約的目的，濕地系指不問(wèn)其為天然或人工、常久或暫時(shí)之沼澤地、濕原、泥炭地或水域地帶，帶有或靜止或流動(dòng)、或?yàn)榈?、半咸水或咸水水體者，包括低潮時(shí)水深不超過(guò)六米的水域。

2．為本公約的目的，水禽系指生態(tài)學(xué)上依賴于濕地的鳥類。

第二條

1．各締約國(guó)應(yīng)指定其領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的適當(dāng)濕地列入由依第八條所設(shè)管理局保管的國(guó)際重要濕地名冊(cè)，下稱“名冊(cè)”。每一濕地的界線應(yīng)精確記述并標(biāo)記在地圖上，并可包括鄰接濕地的河湖沿岸、沿海區(qū)域以及濕地范圍的島域或低潮時(shí)水深不超過(guò)六米的水域，特別是當(dāng)其具有水禽棲息地意義時(shí)。

2．選入名冊(cè)的濕地應(yīng)根據(jù)其在生態(tài)學(xué)上、植物學(xué)上、湖沼學(xué)上和水文學(xué)上的國(guó)際意義。首先應(yīng)選入在所有季節(jié)對(duì)水禽具有國(guó)際重要性的濕地；

3．選入名冊(cè)的濕地不妨礙濕地所在地締約國(guó)的專屬主權(quán)權(quán)利。

4.各締約國(guó)按第九條規(guī)定簽署本公約或交存批準(zhǔn)書或加入書時(shí)，應(yīng)至少指定一處濕地列入名冊(cè)。

5．任何締約國(guó)應(yīng)有權(quán)將其境內(nèi)的濕地增列入名冊(cè)，擴(kuò)大已列名冊(cè)的濕地的界線或由于緊急的國(guó)家利益將已列入名冊(cè)的濕地銷或縮小其范圍，并應(yīng)盡早將任何上述變更通知第八條規(guī)定的負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行局職責(zé)的有關(guān)組織或政府。

6. 各締約國(guó)在指定列入名冊(cè)的濕地時(shí)或行使變更名冊(cè)中與其領(lǐng)土內(nèi)濕地有關(guān)的記錄時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮其對(duì)水禽遷移種群的養(yǎng)護(hù)、管理和合理利用的國(guó)際責(zé)任。

第三條

1．締約國(guó)應(yīng)制定并實(shí)施其計(jì)劃以促進(jìn)已列入名冊(cè)的濕地的養(yǎng)護(hù)并盡可能地促進(jìn)其境內(nèi)濕地的合理利用。

2．如其境內(nèi)的及列入名冊(cè)的任何濕地的生態(tài)特征由于技術(shù)發(fā)展、污染和其他人類干擾而已經(jīng)改變，正在改變或?qū)⒖赡芨淖?，各締約國(guó)應(yīng)盡早相互通報(bào)。有關(guān)這些變化的情況，應(yīng)不延遲地轉(zhuǎn)告按第八條所規(guī)定的負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行局職責(zé)的組織或政府。

第四條

1. 締約國(guó)應(yīng)設(shè)置濕地自然保護(hù)區(qū)，無(wú)論該濕地是否已列入名冊(cè)，以促進(jìn)濕地和水禽的養(yǎng)護(hù)并應(yīng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行充分的監(jiān)護(hù)。

2．締約國(guó)因其緊急的國(guó)家利益需對(duì)已列入名冊(cè)的濕地撤銷或縮小其范圍時(shí)，應(yīng)盡可能地補(bǔ)償濕地資源的任何喪失，特別是應(yīng)為水禽及保護(hù)原棲息地適當(dāng)部分而在同一地區(qū)或在其他地方設(shè)立另外的自然保護(hù)區(qū)。

3. 締約國(guó)應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)關(guān)于混地及其動(dòng)植物的研究及數(shù)據(jù)資料和出版物的交換。

4 ．締約國(guó)應(yīng)努力通過(guò)管理增加適當(dāng)濕地上水禽的數(shù)量。

5. 締約國(guó)應(yīng)促進(jìn)能勝任濕地研究、管理及監(jiān)護(hù)人員的訓(xùn)練。

第五條

締約國(guó)應(yīng)就履行本公約的義務(wù)相互協(xié)商，特別是當(dāng)一片濕地跨越一個(gè)以上締約國(guó)領(lǐng)土或多個(gè)締約國(guó)共處同一水系時(shí)。同時(shí)，他們應(yīng)盡力協(xié)調(diào)和支持有關(guān)養(yǎng)護(hù)濕地及其動(dòng)植物的現(xiàn)行和未來(lái)政策與規(guī)定。

第六條

1．締約國(guó)應(yīng)在必要時(shí)召集關(guān)于養(yǎng)護(hù)濕地和水禽的會(huì)議。

2．這種會(huì)議應(yīng)是咨詢性的，并除其他外，有權(quán)：

A．討論本公約的實(shí)施情況；

B. 討論名冊(cè)之增加和變更事項(xiàng)；

C. 審議關(guān)于依第三條第2款所規(guī)定的列入名冊(cè)濕地生態(tài)學(xué)特征變化的情況；

D. 向締約國(guó)提出關(guān)于濕地及其動(dòng)植物的養(yǎng)護(hù)、管理和合理利用的一般性或具體建議；

E．要求有關(guān)國(guó)際機(jī)構(gòu)就影響濕地、本質(zhì)上屬于國(guó)際性的事項(xiàng)編制報(bào)告和統(tǒng)計(jì)資料。

3. 締約國(guó)應(yīng)確保對(duì)濕地管理負(fù)有責(zé)任的各級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)知曉并考慮上述會(huì)議關(guān)于濕地及其動(dòng)植物的養(yǎng)護(hù)、管理和合理利用的建議。

第七條

1．締約國(guó)出席這種會(huì)議的代表，應(yīng)包括以其科學(xué)、行政或其他適當(dāng)職務(wù)所獲得知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而成為濕地或水禽方面專家的人士。

2．出席會(huì)議的每一締約國(guó)均應(yīng)有一票表決權(quán)，建議以所投票數(shù)的簡(jiǎn)單多數(shù)通過(guò)，但須不少于半數(shù)的締約國(guó)參加投票。

第八條

1．保護(hù)自然和自然資源國(guó)際聯(lián)盟應(yīng)履行本公約執(zhí)行局的職責(zé)，直至全體締約國(guó)三分之二多數(shù)委派其他組織或政府時(shí)止。

2．執(zhí)行局職責(zé)除其他外，應(yīng)為：

A．協(xié)助召集和組織第六條規(guī)定的會(huì)議；

B．保管國(guó)際重要濕地名冊(cè)并接受締約國(guó)根據(jù)第二條第五款的規(guī)定對(duì)已列入名冊(cè)的濕地增加、擴(kuò)大、撤銷或縮小的通知；

C．接受締約國(guó)根據(jù)第三條第二款規(guī)定對(duì)已列入名冊(cè)的濕地的生態(tài)特征發(fā)生任何變化的通知；

D．將名冊(cè)的任何改變或名冊(cè)內(nèi)濕地特征的變化通知所有的締約國(guó)，并安排這些事宜在下次會(huì)議上討論；

E．將會(huì)議關(guān)于名冊(cè)變更或名冊(cè)內(nèi)濕地特征變化的建議告知各有關(guān)締約國(guó)。

第九條

1. 本公約將無(wú)限期開放供簽署。

2．聯(lián)合國(guó)或某一專門機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)的任一成員國(guó)或國(guó)際法院的規(guī)約當(dāng)事國(guó)均可以下述方式成為本公約的締約方：

A．簽署無(wú)須批準(zhǔn)；

B．簽署有待批準(zhǔn)，隨后再予批準(zhǔn)；

C．加入。

3．批準(zhǔn)或加入應(yīng)以向聯(lián)合國(guó)教育科學(xué)及文化組織的總干事(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“保存機(jī)關(guān)”)交存批準(zhǔn)或加入文書為生效。

第十條

1．本公約應(yīng)自七個(gè)國(guó)家根據(jù)第九條第2款成為本公約締約國(guó)四個(gè)月后生效。

2．此后，本公約應(yīng)在其簽署無(wú)須批準(zhǔn)或交存批準(zhǔn)書或加入書之日后四個(gè)月對(duì)各締約國(guó)生效。

第十條之二

1．公約可按照本條在為此目的召開的締約國(guó)會(huì)議上予以修正。

2．修正建議可以由任何締約國(guó)提出。

3．所提修正案文及其理由應(yīng)提交給履行執(zhí)行局職責(zé)的組織或政府(以下稱為執(zhí)行局)并立即由執(zhí)行局轉(zhuǎn)送所有締約國(guó)。締約國(guó)對(duì)案文的任何評(píng)論應(yīng)在執(zhí)行局將修正案轉(zhuǎn)交締約國(guó)之日三個(gè)月內(nèi)交給執(zhí)行局。執(zhí)行局應(yīng)于提交評(píng)論最后一日后立即將至該日所提交的所有評(píng)論轉(zhuǎn)交各締約國(guó)。

4. 審議按照第3款所轉(zhuǎn)交的修正案的締約國(guó)會(huì)議應(yīng)由執(zhí)行局根據(jù)三分之一締約國(guó)的書面請(qǐng)求召集。執(zhí)行局應(yīng)就會(huì)議的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)同締約國(guó)協(xié)商。

5．修正案以出席并參加投票的締約國(guó)三分之二多數(shù)通過(guò)。

6．通過(guò)的修正案應(yīng)于三分之二締約國(guó)向保存機(jī)關(guān)交存接受書之日后第四個(gè)月第一天對(duì)接受的締約國(guó)生效。對(duì)在三分之二的締約國(guó)交存接受書之后交存接受書的締約國(guó)，修正案應(yīng)于其交存接受書之日后第四個(gè)月第一天生效。

第十一條

1．本公約將無(wú)限期有效。

2．任何締約國(guó)可以于公約對(duì)其生效之日起五年后以書面通知保存機(jī)關(guān)退出本公約。退出應(yīng)于保存機(jī)關(guān)收到退出通知之日后四個(gè)月生效。

第十二條

1．保存機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)盡快將以下事項(xiàng)通知簽署和加入本公約的所有國(guó)家：

A．公約的簽署；

B．公約批準(zhǔn)書的交存；

C．公約加入書的交存；

D．公約的生效日期；

E．退出公約的通知。

3．一候本公約開始生效，保存人應(yīng)按照聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章第一百零二條將本公約向聯(lián)合國(guó)秘書處登記。

下列簽字者經(jīng)正式授權(quán)，謹(jǐn)簽字于本公約，以資證明。

一九七一年二月二日訂于拉姆薩，正本一份，以英文、法文、德文和俄文寫成，所有文本具有同等效力，保存于保存機(jī)關(guān)，保存機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)將核證無(wú)誤副本分送所有的締約國(guó)。

 
原文如下：

Convention on Wetlands of International Importance

Especially as Waterfowl Habitat

Final Text adopted by the International Conference on the Wetlands and Waterfowl at Ramsar, Iran, 2 February 1971

The Contracting Parties,

Recognising the interdependence of man and his environment;

Considering the fundamental ecological functions of wetlands as regulators of water regimes and as habitats supporting a characteristic flora and fauna, especially waterfowl;

Being convinced that wetlands constitute a resource of great economic, cultural, scientific and recreational value, the loss of which would be irreparable;

Desiring to stem the progressive encroachment on and loss of wetlands now and in the future;

Recognising that waterfowl in their seasonal migrations may transcend frontiers and so should be regarded as an international resource;

Being confident that the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna can be ensured by combining far-sighted national policies with co-ordinated international action;

Have agreed as follows:

Article 1

1. For the purpose of this Convention wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six metres.

2. For the purpose of this Convention waterfowl are birds ecologically dependent on wetlands.

Article 2

1. Each Contracting Party shall designate suitable wetlands within its territory for inclusion in a List of Wetlands of International Importance, hereinafter referred to as "the List" which is maintained by the bureau established under Article 8. The boundaries of each wetland shall be precisely described and also delimited on a map and they may incorporate riparian and coastal zones adjacent to the wetlands, and islands or bodies of marine water deeper than six metres at low tide lying within the wetlands, especially where these have importance as waterfowl habitat.

2. Wetlands should be selected for the List on account of their international significance in terms of ecology, botany, zoology, limnology or hydrology. In the first instance wetlands of international importance to waterfowl at any season should be included.

3. The inclusion of a wetland in the List does not prejudice the exclusive sovereign rights of the Contracting Party in whose territory the wetland is situated.

4. Each Contracting Party shall designate at least one wetland to be included in the List when signing this Convention or when depositing its instrument of ratification or accession, as provided in Article 9.

5. Any Contracting Party shall have the right to add to the List further wetlands situated within its territory, to extend the boundaries of those wetlands already included by it in the List, or, because of its urgent national interests, to delete or restrict the boundaries of wetlands already included by it in the List and shall, at the earliest possible time, inform the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8 of any such changes.

6. Each Contracting Party shall consider its international responsibilities for the conservation, management and wise use of migratory stocks of waterfowl, both when designating entries for the List and when exercising its right to change entries in the List relating to wetlands within its territory.

Article 3

1. The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.

2. Each Contracting Party shall arrange to be informed at the earliest possible time if the ecological character of any wetland in its territory and included in the List has changed, is changing or is likely to change as the result of technological developments, pollution or other human interference. Information on such changes shall be passed without delay to the organization or government responsible for the continuing bureau duties specified in Article 8.

Article 4

1. Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.

2. Where a Contracting Party in its urgent national interest, deletes or restricts the boundaries of a wetland included in the List, it should as far as possible compensate for any loss of wetland resources, and in particular it should create additional nature reserves for waterfowl and for the protection, either in the same area or elsewhere, of an adequate portion of the original habitat.

3. The Contracting Parties shall encourage research and the exchange of data and publications regarding wetlands and their flora and fauna.

4. The Contracting Parties shall endeavour through management to increase waterfowl populations on appropriate wetlands.

5. The Contracting Parties shall promote the training of personnel competent in the fields of wetland research, management and wardening.

Article 5

1. The Contracting Parties shall consult with each other about implementing obligations arising from this Convention especially in the case of a wetland extending over the territories of more than one Contracting Party or where a water system is shared by Contracting Parties.

2. They shall at the same time endeavour to co-ordinate and support present and future policies and regulations concerning the conservation of wetlands and their flora and fauna.

Article 6

1. The Contracting Parties shall, as the necessity arises, convene Conferences on the Conservation of Wetlands and Waterfowl.

2. These Conferences shall have an advisory character and shall be competent inter alia:

a) to discuss the implementation of this Convention;

b) to discuss additions to and changes in the List;

c) to consider information regarding changes in the ecological character of wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 3;

d) to make general or specific recommendations to the Contracting Parties regarding the conservation, management and wise use of wetlands and their flora and fauna;

e) to request relevant international bodies to prepare reports and statistics on matters which are essentially international in character affecting wetlands.

3. The Contracting Parties shall ensure that those responsible at all levels for wetlands management shall be informed of, and take into consideration, recommendations of such Conferences concerning the conservation, management and wise use of wetlands and their flora and fauna.

Article 7

1. The representatives of the Contracting Parties at such Conferences should include persons who are experts on wetlands or waterfowl by reason of knowledge and experience gained in scientific, administrative or other appropriate capacities.

2. Each of the Contracting Parties represented at a Conference shall have one vote, recommendations being adopted by a simple majority of the votes cast, provided that not less than half the Contracting Parties cast votes.

Article 8

1. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources shall perform the continuing bureau duties under this Convention until such time as another organisation or government is appointed by a majority of two-thirds of all Contracting Parties.

2. The continuing bureau duties shall be, inter alia:

a) to assist in the convening and organizing of Conferences specified in Article 6;

b) to maintain the List of Wetlands of International Importance and to be informed by the Contracting Parties of any additions, extensions, deletions or restrictions concerning wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with Paragraph 5 of Article 2;

c) to be informed by the Contracting Parties of any changes in the ecological character of wetlands included in the List provided in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 3;

d) to forward notification of any alterations to the List, or changes in character of wetlands included therein, to all Contracting Parties and to arrange for these matters to be discussed at the next Conference;

e) to make known to the Contracting Party concerned, the recommendations of the Conferences in respect of such alterations to the List or of changes in the character of wetlands included therein.

Article 9

1. This Convention shall remain open for signature indefinitely.

2. Any member of the United Nations or of one of the Specialized Agencies or of the International Atomic Energy Agency or Party to the Statute of the International Court of Justice may become a party to this Convention by:

a) signature without reservation as to ratification;

b) signature subject to ratification followed by ratification;

c) accession

3. Ratification or accession shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument of ratification or accession with the Director General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, (hereinafter referred to as "the Depository").

Article 10

1. This Convention shall enter into force four months after seven States have become Parties to this Convention in accordance with Paragraph 2 of Article 9.

2. Thereafter this Convention shall enter into force for each Contracting Party four months after the day of its signature without reservation as to ratification, or its deposit of an instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 11

1. This Convention shall continue in force for an indefinite period.

2. Any Contracting Party may denounce this Convention after a period of five years from the date on which it entered into force for that Party by giving written notice thereof to the Depository. Denunciation shall take effect four months after the day on which notice thereof is received by the Depository.

Article 12

1. The Depository shall inform all States that have signed and acceded to this Convention as soon as possible of:

a) signatures to this Convention;

b) deposits of instruments of ratification of this Convention;

c) deposits of instruments of accession to this Convention;

d) the date of entry into force of this Convention;

e) notifications of denunciation of this Convention.

2. When this Convention has entered into force, the Depository shall have it registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorized to that effect, have signed this Convention.

DONE at ………. this ………. day of ………. 19…. in a single original in the English, French, German and Russian languages, in any case of divergency the English text prevailing, which shall be deposited with the Depository which shall send true copies thereof to all Contracting Parties.

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